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Djarum Djarum is an Indonesian kretek brand/manufacturer founded in April 21, 1951 by Oei Wie Gwan in Kudus, Central Java. In 1951, Oei Wie Gwan, an ethnic Chinese businessman, bought a nearly defunct cigarette company in Kudus, Central Java known as NV Murup. The brand was called Djarum Gramofon which means 'gramophone needle' he shortened it into Djarum which only means needle. The company's 1st brand was ' Djarum '. The company was nearly extinct when in 1963 a huge fire destroyed the company's factory which was followed by the death of Oei Wie Gwan. Nevertheless, the new owners - Oei Wie Gwan's children, Budi and Bambang Hartono, took the opportunity to rebuild the company. Their products are hand-rolled or machine-rolled kretek, both are popular and produced in large quantities. The classic hand-rolled kretek continues to be made by Djarum using age-old methods of manual rolling by their skilled laborers. While their machine-rolled kretek, introdu

Homo floresiensis Doubts that the remains constitute a new species were soon voiced by the Indonesian anthropologist Teuku Jacob, who suggested that the skull of LB1 was a microcephalic modern human. Two studies by paleoneurologist Dean Falk and her colleagues rejected this possibility. Falk et al. (2005) has been rejected by Martin et al. (2006) and Jacob et al. (2006), but defended by Morwood (2005) and Argue, Donlon et al. (2006). Critics of the claim for species status continue to believe that these individuals are Homo sapiens possessing pathologies of anatomy and physiology. A 2nd hypothesis in this category is that the individuals were born without a functioning thyroid, resulting in a type of endemic cretinism. Sophisticated stone implements of a size considered appropriate to the 3-foot-tall human are also widely present in the cave. The implements are at horizons from 95,000 to 13,000 years ago and are associated with an elephant of the extinct genus Stegodon (which was wid

Boaz Solossa Boaz Solossa is an Indonesian footballer. His brothers, Ortizan and Nehemia, are also footballers. Boaz plays at Persipura while Ortizan plays at Persija. They met in a match at the 2005 Liga Indonesia final, where Persipura beat Persija 3â€"2. He is known by his high leveled dribbling technique and his crossing accuracy or short-passing with his left-foot. Nevertheless, Boas was unable to perform for Persipura for almost 6 months due to an incident where he and his Persipura teammates assaulted a referee officiating one of Persipura matches in the 2004â€"2005 season. During the time he was out of action, many considered his skills to drop and his prospect wasted. This resulted in the Indonesian national team manager Peter Withe crossing his name off the team list from the national team in 2006. He also has a bad reputation due to his alcoholism, which also contributed to his decline in form over the past year although Boas stated that he is trying his best to

Robert Budi Hartono Robert Budi Hartono is a Chinese Indonesian tobacco billionaire with 2004 net worth US$2.2 billion. He owns and runs privately held Djarum, the world's 3rd largest maker of clove cigarettes. Djarum has reportedly recently grabbing share from the number two cigarette firm, Sampoerna. Budi Hartono also has a stake with his brother, Michael Bambang Hartono in one of Indonesia's biggest banks, Bank Central Asia, formerly controlled by billionaire Liem Sioe Liong. In 2009, Budi Hartono's net worth reportedly reached US$4.7 billion and he was nominated as the richest Indonesian while Liem Sioe Liong was in 3rd place. Budi Hartono was born at Semarang Central Java, and alumnus of Diponegoro University, Semarang. Starting from Mr. Oei Wie Gwan buy a small business in the field named Djarum clove gramophon in 1951 changed its name to Djarum. Oei began marketing cigarettes under the brand "Djarum" which turned out to be successful in the market. After

Republic of South Maluku The Republic of South Maluku Dutch: Republiek der Zuid-Molukken), also known as the Republic of the South Moluccas, was a self-proclaimed republic in the Maluku Islands founded on 25 April 1950. The main islands were Seram, Ambon, and Buru. The RMS on Ambon was defeated by Indonesian forces in November 1950, however, armed struggle continued on the island of Seram until December 1963. The defeat on Ambon resulted in the flight of the self-declared RMS government to the island Seram, and later on the formation of a government in exile in the Netherlands in 1966. When resistance leader Dr. Chris Soumokil was captured by Indonesian forces on Seram and executed in 1966, a president in exile was inaugurated. The government-in-exile continues to exist, with John Wattilete, a 55-year old lawyer, inaugurated as head of state in April 2010. The Indonesian archipelago consists of over 15,000 islands. Dutch conquest exerted colonial control across the archipelago in th

Darul Islam During the Indonesian National Revolution, Kartosuwirjo founded his own band of freedom fighters in West Java, called Hizbullah and Sabilillah. As a protest toward the Renville Agreement signed by Indonesian leaders in 1948, which ceded West Java to the Dutch, Kartosuwirjo proclaimed a Darul Islam in West Java on August 7, 1949. Darul Islam didn't disband itself after the transfer of sovereignty in 1949, resulting in a clash with the government of the Indonesian Republic. Rebels in South Sulawesi led by army deserter Abdul Kahar Muzakkar joined the Darul Islam Movement in 1951. On 20 September 1953, Daud Beureu'eh declared that Aceh was part of the Islamic State of Indonesia (Negara Islam Indonesia) under the leadership of Kartosuwirjo. The movement flourished in the 1950s due to chronic instability within the central government during the Liberal Democracy Era. In 1957, it was estimated that the Darul Islam controlled one-third of West Java and more than 90% of S

Kretek Kretek /ˈkrɛtɛk/ are cigarettes made with a blend of tobacco, cloves and other flavors. The word "kretek" itself is an onomatopoetic term for the crackling sound of burning cloves. Partly due to favorable taxation compared to "white" cigarettes, kreteks are by far the most widely smoked form of cigarettes in Indonesia, where about 90% of smokers usually smoke kreteks. In Indonesia, there are hundreds of kretek manufacturers, including small local makers and major brands. Most of the widely known international brands, including Dji Sam Soe 234, Bentoel, Minak Djinggo, Djarum, Gudang Garam, and Wismilak originate from Indonesia. Nat Sherman of the United States produces cigarettes branded as "A Touch of Clove" but they aren't true kreteks since there is clove flavoring infused into small crystals located inside the filter, rather than actual clove spice mixed with the tobacco. In those years, the locals used to hand-roll kreteks to sell on o